See Time Tree @ Discover FTDNA, haplotree.info (ancientdna.info by Jari Kinnunen Y-J), Ancient DNA sample ressource (Hunter Provyn, Carlos Quilles, Vadim Urasin), ArcGIS view (Karim Rouissi), Ancient chrY J2-M172 Haplogroup data and Ancient J2 Map (Ancient J2 Samples) by Ilhan Cengiz
See J2 (J-M172) main subclades tree with time estimates based on YFull YTree with priority of interest in the Near East (Caspian-Zagros-Caucasus):
- Temperature and sea level rise after the last Ice Age (from ca. 16000 BC) to the end of Epipalaeolithic – main subclades already formed in this time
- The Neolithic (Begin ca. 10500 BC) with agriculture/farming and animal domestication to the development of metallurgy – substantial diversification and expansion to South Asia and Balkan/Hungary
- Copper Age (ca. 4500 BC) to the End of Bronze Age – complex diversification and probably first substantial expansion to Europe
- Iron Age (1000 BC) to late Antiquity (500 CE)
Neolithic and earlier
- 10090-9460 BC WHG Rhône-Alpes France (Aven des Iboussières à Malataverne, sample Iboussieres25-1, 0.1x) in Mathieson et al 2017 is
J-P209(xPF4513) no raw data check - 9119-8637 BC Mesolithic North Iran (Hotu Cave, S Caspian Sea, sample I1293/HotuIIIb) in Lazaridis et al. 2016
J2a-CTS1085(xCTS11251,PF5073) likely J2a2(xJ2a2a); - 8205–7756 BC Early Neolithic West Iran (Abdul Hosein in CW Zagros, sample AH2) in Broushaki et al. 2016
J2b-M12(xCTS560,Z620); analysis - ~7720 (7940-7574) BC Mesolithic Caucasus (Kotias Klde, W Georgia, sample KK1) in Jones et al 2015 (OG>Sheet) is
J2a-Z6049>SK1321(xSK1314); - ~6099 (6500-6200) BC Neolithic NW Anatolia (Barcın, sample I0708/BAR6/L11-439) in Mathieson et al 2015 is
J2a-Z6049>Z6048(xS20392,Z6050); - ~5290 BC Italy Adriatic (sample R19) in Antonio et al 2019 is
J2a-M67>Z1847>Y4036>Z467>FGC21348>S11842>Y17947 (YFull) - ~4915 BC Hajji Firuz Tepe, NW Iran near Lake Urmia (sample I4349) Narasimhan et al 2018 is
J2b-Z2453>Y18039>Y31143>BY22519 (YFull) - 5500-4775 BC LBK Lower Austria (Kleinhadersdorf Flur Marchleiten, sample I5068, 0.4x) in Mathieson et al 2017 is
J2a-Z6049>Z6048(xS15572) (raw data check F. Veseli); - 5500-4500 BC LBK Austria (Schletz, sample I5207) in Mathieson et al 2017 is
J2a-Z6049>Z6048(xFGC61600,S15572) (raw data check F. Veseli); - 5030-4840 BC Neolithic Sopot Culture in Hungary (sample ALE14) in Szecsenyi-Nagy 2015 is
J2-M172; - 5000-4800 BC Sopot_MN Croatia (Osijek, sample I5078) in Mathieson et al 2017 is
J2a-Z6063>SK1363(xZ36827,Y14435) (raw data check F. Veseli); - 5000-4300 BC? Neolithic Lengyel Culture in Hungary (sample FEB3) in Szecsenyi-Nagy 2015 is
J2-M172; - 4800-4500 BC Neolithic Lengyel Culture in Hungary (sample I1902/FEB3a) in Lipson et al 2017 is
J2a-L152;
Copper & Bronze Age
- 4680-3662 BC Copper Age West Iran (Seh Gabi in High Zagros region of Kermanshah, sample I1662/SG7) in Lazaridis et al. 2016
J2a2-PF5008,Z38487,PF5044(xL581,PF5058,PH2868,PF5030,PH1932); - ~3250 BC Turkmenistan (sample DA381) is
J2a-PF5197>YSC0000253* - ~2583 BC NW Caucasus_LN (Unakozovskaya, sample skeleton 2a) in Wang et al 2018 is
J2a-M67>Z1847>Z7671>CTS900>Z7661 (analysis by Sergey Malyshev) - ~2527 BC NW Caucasus_LN (Unakozovskaya, sample skeleton 2b) in Wang et al 2018 is
J2a-M67>Z1847>Z7671>CTS900>Z7661>Y3020>Y11200 (analysis by Sergey Malyshev) - 2489-2299 BC Early Bronze Age North-Western Jordan (‘Ain Ghazal, sample I1730/AG_84_3083_116) in Lazaridis et al. 2016
J2b-PF7331(xPF7312) [M205 equiv.]; - ~2357 BC Greece (sample Kou01) is
J2a-Z6064>Z6055>Z6057>Y7013>Y7010>Y13128>Z36834 (YFull) - ~2350 BC Central Italy (sample LSC002/004 La Sassa) in Saupe et al 2021 is
J2a-PF5197>PF5177>PF5252 - ~1900 BC Serbia (sample MOK15) is
J2b-L283>Z622>Z600>Z585>Z615 - ~1824 BC Kabardino-Balkaria NW Caucasus (sample KDC001) is
J2b-L283* (YFull) - ~1805 BC Maykop (Nogir 3, sample BZNK-313/4) in Wang et al 2018 is
J2a-M410 - ~1793 BC Uzbekistan (sample I7421) is
J2a2-PF5008(xL581) (YFull) - ~1586 BC C. Anatolia (sample MA2200) is
J2a-M67>Z1847>Y4036>Z467>FGC21348>S11842>Y17947>FGC21416>Y15913>FT156609 - ~1550 (1700-1500) BC Croatia EM Bronze Age Balkans (Veliki Vanik, sample I4331, 3.1x) in Mathieson et al 2017 is
J2b-L283>…>CTS3617,CTS9215,Y15058 (raw data check F. Veseli) - 1700-1200 BC Peloponnese Mycenaean Bronze Age Greece (Galatas Apatheia, sample I9041/Galatas4) in Lazaridis et al 2017 is
J2a-L26,F4326 (Genetiker) no raw data check in PRJEB20914 - ~1650 BC Lebanon Liban-Sud (sample ERS1790732) is
J2b-M205* (YFull) - 1270-1110 BC late Bronze Age Kyjatice Culture boy in Hungary (sample BR2) in Gamba et al. 2014 (OG>AM) is
J2a-M67>Z7671>CTS900>Y11202>Z30695>Z30685;
in the study autosomally he clusters with modern Western Europeans (mainly French) so his near ancestry should be not from Caucasus or Anatolia (West Asia).
1270-1110 BC Hungary_LBA (Ludas-Varju-Dulo, sample I1504) in Mathieson et al 2017 is
J2a1; - 1209-1009 BC late Bronze Age Norabak Culture in Armenia (sample RISE408) in Allentoft et al. 2015 is
J2b-L283,Z590(xZ627)
Iron Age and later
- 769–0560 BC Pre-Ptolemaic Egypt Abusir-el-Meleq (sample JK2911) in Schuenemann et al 2017 is
J2b1-PF7330,PF7314 - ~50 AD (900 BC to 1000 AD) Iron age Sary-Bel Kurgan Altai (sample RISE602) looks like complexes (II c. BC – I century AD) Bulan-Koba culture, which has been following the Scythian-Saka epoch in the Russian Altai (near border to Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia) in Allentoft et al. 2015.
J2a2-PF5050>PF5058>PF7384>PF5056>PH3085,SK1403 - 100-300 AD exogenous Roman era York (sample 3DRIF-26, likely Middle Eastern origin) in Martiniano et al 2016 is
J2b1-M205 - 400-600 AD Merovingian buriel site Roman-Frankish transitional period in Lauwerier, De Kort 2014:
2 J2a1a1a1b1-M67? and one J2b? - ~ 805 AD late Iron age Kytmanovo Altai (sample RISE504) in Allentoft et al. 2015.
J2a2-PF5050>PF5058>PF7384>PF5056>PH3085,SK1403 - 8-9th centuries AD Saltovo-Mayaki culture (Khazars period, sample A80411) in Afanas’ev et al 2015 (updates expected).
J2a